Sumatran Rhino Facts – Smallest and Hairiest Rhino

Introduction

The Sumatran Rhino is the smallest and hairiest rhino species. Critically endangered, it inhabits the dense tropical forests and mountains of Sumatra and Borneo, Indonesia.

Physical Characteristics

Weighing 500–1,000 kilograms, the Sumatran Rhino stands 1.2–1.5 meters tall with a body length of 2.5–3 meters. It has coarse reddish-brown hair and two horns, with the front horn being longer. Its small size helps it navigate dense forests.

Habitat

Sumatran Rhinos live in mountainous forests and tropical rainforests. They require areas with abundant vegetation, water, and mud wallows for thermoregulation and skin protection.

Behavior

These rhinos are solitary, shy, and active mainly at dawn and dusk. They are browsers, feeding on leaves, shoots, and fruits. They communicate using vocalizations, scent marks, and trails.

Reproduction

Females reach sexual maturity around 6–7 years, males at 8–10 years. Gestation lasts about 15–16 months, producing a single calf. Low reproductive rates and small populations make conservation challenging.

Threats

Poaching, habitat destruction, and fragmentation are major threats. Small populations increase the risk of inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity.

Conservation Efforts

Captive breeding programs, habitat restoration, and strict protection are vital. Way Kambas National Park and other protected areas provide safe habitats for remaining individuals.

Conclusion

The Sumatran Rhino is a remarkable species requiring urgent conservation. Protecting its habitat and supporting breeding programs are crucial to prevent extinction.